In 2018, of the 27 Michelin three-star restaurants in France, ten are located in Paris. The petite couronne consists of the departments of Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne; the grande couronne consists of those of Seine-et-Marne, Yvelines, Essonne and Val-d'Oise. [18], In 2018 just 7.2 percent of employees in the Region were engaged in industry; 62.3 percent were engaged in commerce and market services; 25.5 percent in non-market services, including government, health and education; 4.8 percent in construction; and 0.2 percent in agriculture. [51], Louis XVI and the royal family were brought to Paris and made prisoners within the Tuileries Palace. [94] On 19 June, a man rammed his weapons-and-explosives-laden vehicle into a police van on the Champs-Élysées, but the car only burst into flames. [248], Paris is the spiritual home of gypsy jazz in particular, and many of the Parisian jazzmen who developed in the first half of the 20th century began by playing Bal-musette in the city. [32] From the Capetian dynasty that began with the 987 election of Hugh Capet, Count of Paris and Duke of the Franks (duc des Francs), as king of a unified Francia, Paris gradually became the largest and most prosperous city in France.[30]. ", "Climatological Information for Paris, France", "Normes et records 1961–1990: Paris-Montsouris (75) – altitude 75m", "Greens surge in French local elections as Anne Hidalgo holds Paris", "Election Preview: France Municipal Elections 2014 – Part I", "List of members of the Council of Paris", "Code général des collectivités territoriales – Article L5219-1", "Décret n° 2015-1212 du 30 septembre 2015 constatant le périmètre fixant le siège et désignant le comptable public de la métropole du Grand Paris", "La métropole du Grand Paris verra le jour le 1er janvier 2016", "Du Grand Paris à la Métropole du Grand Paris", "Régionales 2015 : les chiffres clés du scrutin", "Plan Local d'Urbanisme – Règlement à la parcelle", "Inside Frank Gehry's Spectacular Louis Vuitton Foundation", "Chiffres Cléfs Logements (2011) – Département de Paris (75)", "Un territoire ancien et de petite taille", "Une brève histoire de l'aménagement de Paris et sa région Du District à la Région Île-de-France", "Les Politiques Nationales du Logement et le Logement dans les Villes Nouvelles", "Atlas des Zones urbaines sensibles (Zus)", "Une forte hétérogénéité des revenus en Île-de-France", "Individus localisés à la région en 2015 - Recensement de la population - Fichiers détail", "IMG1B - Population immigrée par sexe, âge et pays de naissance en 2015 - Région d'Île-de-France (11)", Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques, "Population en historique depuis 1968: Commune de Paris (75056)", "Évolution et structure de la population en 2017: Unité urbaine de Paris (00851)", "Urban Europe — Statistics on cities, towns and suburbs", "Évolution et structure de la population en 2017: Aire urbaine de Paris (001)", "Évolution et structure de la population en 2017: France entière", "Population statistics at regional level", "Les immigrés par sexe, âge et pays de naissance – Département de Paris (75)", "Les immigrés par sexe, âge et pays de naissance – Région d'Île-de-France (11)", "Population par sexe, âge et nationalité – Région d'Île-de-France (11)", "Population par sexe, âge et nationalité – Département de Paris (75)", "How does France count its muslim population? This music became popular during the 1980s.
[194] In 2011, while only 56,927 construction workers worked in Paris itself,[200] its metropolitan area employed 246,639,[198] in an activity centred largely on the Seine-Saint-Denis (41,378)[201] and Hauts-de-Seine (37,303)[202] departments and the new business-park centres appearing there. [148], On the night of 8–9 February 2019, during a period of cold weather, a Paris NGO conducted its annual citywide count of homeless persons. [167] City-influenced commuter activity reaches well beyond even this in a statistical aire urbaine de Paris ("urban area", but a statistical method comparable to a metropolitan area[168]), that had a 2017 population of 12,628,266,[169] a number 19% the population of France,[170] and the largest metropolitan area in the Eurozone. UGC Ciné Cité Les Halles with 27 screens, MK2 Bibliothèque with 20 screens and UGC Ciné Cité Bercy with 18 screens are among the largest. In the late 12th century, a school of polyphony was established at Notre-Dame. After a tentative creation of several smaller suburban cemeteries, the Prefect Nicholas Frochot under Napoleon Bonaparte provided a more definitive solution in the creation of three massive Parisian cemeteries outside the city limits. Although the modern name Île-de-France literally means "Island of France", the etymology is in fact unclear. [194], Paris' manufacturing is mostly focused in its suburbs, and the city itself has only around 75,000 manufacturing workers, most of which are in the textile, clothing, leather goods, and shoe trades. Financial services and insurance are important sectors of the regional economy; the major French banks and insurance companies, including BNP Paribas, Société générale, and Crédit agricole, all have their headquarters in the region, The region also hosts the headquarters of the top French telecom companies and utilities, including Orange S.A., Veolia and EDF, The French stock market, the Bourse de Paris, now known as Euronext Paris, occupies a historical building in the center of Paris, is in ranked fourth among global stock markets, after New York, Tokyo and London., Other major sectors of the regional economy include energy companies (Orano, Engie, Électricité de France. The François Mitterrand Library (nicknamed Très Grande Bibliothèque) in the 13th arrondissement was completed in 1994 to a design of Dominique Perrault and contains four glass towers.

Bal-musette is a style of French music and dance that first became popular in Paris in the 1870s and 1880s; by 1880 Paris had some 150 dance halls in the working-class neighbourhoods of the city. By 2020 its basic competencies will include urban planning, housing and protection of the environment. Paris became a major centre for jazz and still attracts jazz musicians from all around the world to its clubs and cafés. [73], In the 1950s and the 1960s, Paris became one front of the Algerian War for independence; in August 1961, the pro-independence FLN targeted and killed 11 Paris policemen, leading to the imposition of a curfew on Muslims of Algeria (who, at that time, were French citizens). [244][245] Among the Impressionist composers who created new works for piano, orchestra, opera, chamber music and other musical forms, stand in particular, Claude Debussy (Suite bergamasque, and its well-known third movement, Clair de lune, La Mer, Pelléas et Mélisande), Erik Satie (Gymnopédies, "Je te veux", Gnossiennes, Parade) and Maurice Ravel (Miroirs, Boléro, La valse, L'heure espagnole). The largest opera houses of Paris are the 19th-century Opéra Garnier (historical Paris Opéra) and modern Opéra Bastille; the former tends toward the more classic ballets and operas, and the latter provides a mixed repertoire of classic and modern. [14] The third most visited Paris museum, in a building constructed for the Paris Universal Exhibition of 1900 as the Orsay railway station, was the Musée d'Orsay, which had 3.3 million visitors in 2019. [260][261], Since the late 18th century, Paris has been famous for its restaurants and haute cuisine, food meticulously prepared and artfully presented. Inner Ring) is formed by the 3 departments of Île-de-France bordering with the French capital and forming a geographical crown around it. The River Seine flows through the middle of the region, and the region is crisscrossed by its tributaries and sub-tributaries, including the Rivers Marne, Oise and Epte. [229] There are also notable private museums; The Contemporary Art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation, designed by architect Frank Gehry, opened in October 2014 in the Bois de Boulogne. The overall climate throughout the year is mild and moderately wet.
Paris Fashion Week, held in January and July in the Carrousel du Louvre among other renowned city locations, is one of the top four events on the international fashion calendar. After the marshland between the river Seine and its slower 'dead arm' to its north was filled in around the 10th century,[34] Paris' cultural centre began to move to the Right Bank.